国际难民法视角下的《美加安全第三国协定》
赵向华;
摘要(Abstract)：
《美加安全第三国协定》的主要目的在于,通过构建和运用规范化的责任分担机制,明确两国在审查第三国公民于陆地边境提出的难民地位申请方面的责任所在,从而解决长年以来由于上述申请给各自的国内政治造成的难题。因为《难民公约》缔约国并不根据公约承担审查难民地位申请的义务,而且由于个人在国际法上并不享有被给予庇护的权利,所以《美加安全第三国协定》的缔结并不被国际难民法所禁止。《美加安全第三国协定》的实施不仅影响了难民地位申请者选择庇护国的自由,减少了其获得国际保护的机会,而且增加了加拿大违反"不推回原则"的风险。
关键词(KeyWords)： 国际难民法;美加安全第三国协定;难民公约
基金项目(Foundation):
作者(Authors): 赵向华;
参考文献(References)：
- [1]梁淑英.国际难民法[M].北京:知识产权出版社,2009:132.
- [2]UN High Commissioner for Refugees,Self-Study Mod-ule 2:Refugee Status Determination—Identifying Who isa Refugee,available at http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/home/opendocPDFViewer.html?docid=43144dc52&query=Self-Study%20Module%20%202(accessed 8 March 2012).
- [3]尹桂云.论难民的国际保护[J].社会科学,1999,(8):21.
- [4]R.Byrne and A.Shacknove,“The Safe Country Notionin European Asylum Law”,Harvard Human Rights Jour-nal,Vol.9(1996),p p 185-226.
- [5]Guy S.Goodwin-Gill,“Convention Relating to the Sta-tus of Refugees,Protocol Relating to the Status of Refu-gees”,United Nations Audiovisual Library of Internation-al Law,2008.
- [6][荷兰]Richard Plender,国际移民法[M],翁里,徐公社译.北京:中国人民公安大学出版社,2006:336-348.
- [7]Citizenship and Immigration Canada,A partnership forprotection:Year One Review,available at http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/department/laws-policy/partnership(accessed 20 February 2012).
- [8]Canadian Council for Refugees,Closing the Front Dooron Refugees:Report on the First Year of the Safe ThirdCountry Agreement,available at http://ccrweb.ca/clos-ingdoordec05.pdf(accessed 10 March 2012).
- [9]Michelle Foster,“Protection Elsewhere:The Legal Im-plications of Requiring Refugees to Seek Protection inAnother State”,Michigan Journal of International Law,Vol.28(2007),p.226.
- [10]Audrey Macklin,“The Value(s)of the Canada-USSafe Third Country Agreement”,available at http://migration.ucdavis.edu/rs/images/uploads/5.Macklin-Refugees(accessed 8 March 2012).
- [11]James C.Hathaway and R.Alexander Neve,“MakingInternational Refugee Law Relevant Again:A Proposalfor Collectivized and Solution-Oriented Protection”,Harvard Human Rights Journal,Vol.10(1997),p.115.
- [12]Stephen H.Legomsky,“Secondary Refugee Movementsand the Return of Asylum Seekers to Third Countries:The Meaning of Effective Protection”,InternationalJournal of Refugee Law,Vol.15(2003),pp.567-588.
- [13]Elihu Lauterpacht and Daniel Bethlehem,“The Scopeand Content of the Principle of Non-refoulement”,inFeller,Tu?rk and Nicholson(eds.),Refugee Protec-tion in International Law:UNHCR's Global Consulta-tions on International Protection,Cambridge UniversityPress,2003,pp.140-163.